A Review of Bacterial Pigments: Harnessing Nature's Colors for Functional Materials and Dyeing Processes

The use of synthetic dyes has been found to have negative environmental impacts, leading a growing demand for natural alternatives. This study explores the potential bacterial pigments, derived from microorganisms, as sustainable alternative textile dyeing. first chapter examines ecological impact and dyes, including alternative. Biodegradability life-cycle-assessment are discussed in this since they important factors evaluate any substance. second discusses pigments functionalize materials with new therapeutic properties, antifungal anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, some can be used semiconductors electronics. third outlines challenges using production suggests techniques improve colourfastness. also highlights successful uses such anthraquinone, carotenoid, violacein, melanin, prodiginine colouring. Finally, future perspectives section identifies areas further research development field which could revolutionize industry towards more eco-friendly innovative approach production.